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Miniscule Samples 

• Many of genes and proteins are involved in cellular growth regulation or signal transduction and can serve as targets or stratification markers for new therapeutics. The challenge is how to get sufficient size of samples such as cells or tissues for examining multiple biomolecules, especially for proteins which traditionally are investigated in a large input amount using LC-MS/MS, Western blot, IHC or flow cytometry. We determine the levels of multiple DNAs, RNAs and proteins, and their expression patterns in minuscule samples, as few as 1-100 cells or 1 ml of plasma or serum, using our cutting-edge technologies and tools. 

  Better Data from fewer Animals  

• Coordinated application of PK/PD provides a rational, efficient and informative approach to preclinical and clinical drug development. In clinical studies, core or fine needle aspirate biopsies (FNAB) are used routinely for PK/PD evaluation. In preclinical studies whole tumor samples are often collected for the same studies requiring killing of animals at each time point and hence the use of large numbers of animals. Using our patented  µ  µ-biopsy sampling technique combined with sensitive assays, we reduce animal use to determine PK/PD responses and also capture the transient changes of target proteins, as well as make it possible to perform longitudinal studies to evaluate protein changes leading to development of drug resistance without using large numbers of animals.

Simultaneous Protein and Gene Data 

• Proteins, the targets of most drugs, are often studied through indirect DNA or RNA surrogates, as many proteins lack cost-effective assays for quantitation due to limitation of sample size. Critical information such as post-transcriptional regulation including mRNA stability and posttranslational modifications is often missed. Common technologies require either high amount of input samples or prohibitively complex expertise and sophisticated instruments (such as LC-MS/MS), or both, for direct protein biomarker discovery and screening efforts. We now offer unique, sensitive and reliable assays for many signaling proteins and disease mediators while requiring minimal size of samples.  

 Both Qualitative and Quantitative

• Our assays to test drug effects on protein expression can be both qualitative and quantitative. Unlike ELISA and FACS, our assays measure protein amount after separation based on MW/ size or pI/charge changes (such as phosphorylation). Unlike western blotting which is often inconsistent and is semi-quantitative at best, we quantitate the absolute amount of a protein as low as pM level in miniscule samples.

  Real-time Data 

• Protein and mRNA expression patterns and levels, including activation or inhibition of signaling pathways, as well as protein posttranslational modifications can change immediately and significantly following surgical resection or animal sacrifice at the end of studies. Many results and read-outs from such samples are often misleading, as the data may not reflect the molecular realities of drug effects as they should be while still in the human or animal body. Using our patented tools and standardized protocols for controlled and rapid tissue processing, we acquire minuscule samples in a minimally or non-invasive way from patients or live animals and monitor real-time efficacy of a novel therapies before, during and following drug administration. We thus obtain more reliable and valuable information for gene and protein changes and support rational design of dosing strategies or evaluation of efficacy of novel drugs.  

 Multiplex and Ultra-sensitive   

• Our validated assays for panels of cytokines, chemokines, tumor suppressors, oncoproteins and other signaling molecules can be multiplexed up to 600-plex without losing specificity and sensitivity.

Diverse Assays and Formats 

• Our dour diverse assays can meet clients' various needs: large or limited volume of sample; high or low multiplex; ultra or high sensitivity;  single cell data or protein and mRNA, microRNA, etc. 
• We have a panel of read-to-use tumor and primary cell lines, bioassays and animal models supporting drug discovery and development, from preclinical to clinical studies.